The Phonological Influence on Phonetic Change

Author

Josef Fruehwald

Published

2013

Abstract
This dissertation addresses the broad question about how phonology and phonetics are interre- lated, specifically how phonetic language changes, which gradually alter the phonetics of speech sounds, affect the phonological system of the language, and vice versa. Some questions I address are: (i) What aspects of speakers’ knowledge of their language are changing during a phonetic change? (ii) What is the relative timing of a phonetic change and phonological reanalysis? (iii) Can a modular feed-forward model of phonology and phonetics account of the observed patterns of phonetic change? (iv) What are the consequences of my results for theories of phonology, phonetics, and language acquisition? (v) What unique insight into the answers to these questions can the study of language change in progress give us over other methodologies? To address these questions, I drew data from the Philadelphia Neighborhood Corpus [PNC] (Labov and Rosenfelder, 2011), a collection of sociolinguistic interviews carried out between 1973 and 2013. Using the PNC data, I utilized a number of different statistical modeling techniques to evaluate models of phonetic change and phonologization, including standard mixed effects re- gression modeling in R (Bates, 2006), and hierarchical Bayesian modeling via Hamiltonian Monte Carlo in Stan (Stan Development Team, 2012). My results are challenging to the conventional wisdom that phonologization is a late-stage reanalysis of phonetic coarticulatory and perceptual effects (e.g. Ohala, 1981). Rather, it appears that phonologization occurs simultaneously with the onset of phonetic changes. I arrive at this conclusion by examining the rate of change of contextual vowel variants, and by investigating mismatches between which variants are expected to change on phonetic grounds versus phono- logical grounds. In my analysis, not only can a modular feed-forward model of phonology and phonetics account for observed patterns of phonetic change, but must be appealed to in some cases. These results revise some the facts to be explained by diachronic phonology, and I suggest the question to be pursued ought to be how phonological innovations happen when there are relatively small phonetic precursors.

Citation

BibTeX citation:
@phdthesis{fruehwald2013,
  author = {Fruehwald, Josef},
  title = {The {Phonological} {Influence} on {Phonetic} {Change}},
  date = {2013},
  url = {https://JoFrhwld.github.io/jofrhwld.github.io/research/papers/Fruehwald_2013_H3BZPAT7.html},
  langid = {en},
  abstract = {This dissertation addresses the broad question about how
    phonology and phonetics are interre- lated, specifically how
    phonetic language changes, which gradually alter the phonetics of
    speech sounds, affect the phonological system of the language, and
    vice versa. Some questions I address are: (i) What aspects of
    speakers’ knowledge of their language are changing during a phonetic
    change? (ii) What is the relative timing of a phonetic change and
    phonological reanalysis? (iii) Can a modular feed-forward model of
    phonology and phonetics account of the observed patterns of phonetic
    change? (iv) What are the consequences of my results for theories of
    phonology, phonetics, and language acquisition? (v) What unique
    insight into the answers to these questions can the study of
    language change in progress give us over other methodologies? To
    address these questions, I drew data from the Philadelphia
    Neighborhood Corpus {[}PNC{]} (Labov and Rosenfelder, 2011), a
    collection of sociolinguistic interviews carried out between 1973
    and 2013. Using the PNC data, I utilized a number of different
    statistical modeling techniques to evaluate models of phonetic
    change and phonologization, including standard mixed effects re-
    gression modeling in R (Bates, 2006), and hierarchical Bayesian
    modeling via Hamiltonian Monte Carlo in Stan (Stan Development Team,
    2012). My results are challenging to the conventional wisdom that
    phonologization is a late-stage reanalysis of phonetic
    coarticulatory and perceptual effects (e.g. Ohala, 1981). Rather, it
    appears that phonologization occurs simultaneously with the onset of
    phonetic changes. I arrive at this conclusion by examining the rate
    of change of contextual vowel variants, and by investigating
    mismatches between which variants are expected to change on phonetic
    grounds versus phono- logical grounds. In my analysis, not only can
    a modular feed-forward model of phonology and phonetics account for
    observed patterns of phonetic change, but must be appealed to in
    some cases. These results revise some the facts to be explained by
    diachronic phonology, and I suggest the question to be pursued ought
    to be how phonological innovations happen when there are relatively
    small phonetic precursors.}
}
For attribution, please cite this work as:
Fruehwald, Josef. 2013. “The Phonological Influence on Phonetic Change.” https://JoFrhwld.github.io/jofrhwld.github.io/research/papers/Fruehwald_2013_H3BZPAT7.html.